Training Modules

📘 Introduction to Thermal Power Plant Electrical System

📘 Basic Electrical Concepts for Power Plants

ESTPP-02-01 — Voltage, current, resistance and electrical power

ESTPP-02-02 — AC and DC systems

ESTPP-02-03 — Single-phase and three-phase electrical supply

ESTPP-02-04 — Line voltage, phase voltage, line current and phase current

ESTPP-02-05 — Active, reactive and apparent power

ESTPP-02-06 — Power factor and its significance

ESTPP-02-07 — Electrical frequency

ESTPP-02-08 — Star and delta connections

ESTPP-02-09 — Basic principle of electromagnetic induction

ESTPP-02-10 — Basic operating principle of transformer

ESTPP-02-11 — Basic purpose of CT and PT

ESTPP-02-12 — Circuit breaker and isolator: purpose and difference

ESTPP-02-13 — Fuse, protective relay and circuit breaker

ESTPP-02-14 — Basic concept of system and equipment earthing

ESTPP-02-15 — Basic electrical safety principles

📘 Generator Output and Transformer System

ESTPP-03-01 — Generator terminal and generator output arrangement

ESTPP-03-02 — Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPBD)

ESTPP-03-03 — Generator Transformer / Generator Step-Up Transformer

ESTPP-03-04 — Power Transformer: Construction, Working Principle and Main Components

ESTPP-03-05 — Unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT / UT)

ESTPP-03-06 — Station Transformer / Start-up Transformer

ESTPP-03-07 — Generator circuit breaker and its application

ESTPP-03-08 — Power evacuation from generator to switchyard

ESTPP-03-09 — Transformer Maintenance

📘 Auxiliary Power Supply System

ESTPP-04-01 — Meaning and purpose of auxiliary power

ESTPP-04-02 — Unit auxiliary loads and station auxiliary loads

ESTPP-04-03 — Typical HT and LT auxiliary voltage levels

ESTPP-04-04 — HT switchgear and HT auxiliary buses

ESTPP-04-05 — LT switchgear and LT distribution

ESTPP-04-06 — Power Control Centre (PCC)

ESTPP-04-07 — Motor Control Centre (MCC)

ESTPP-04-08 — Distribution boards and local power distribution

ESTPP-04-09 — Electrical supply to Boiler Feed Pumps

ESTPP-04-10 — Electrical supply to ID, FD and PA fans

ESTPP-04-11 — Electrical supply to coal mills and coal handling plant

ESTPP-04-12 — Electrical supply to condensate, cooling water and other pumps

ESTPP-04-13 — Electrical supply to ash handling and other balance-of-plant systems

ESTPP-04-14 — Selection of HT and LT motors for plant auxiliaries

ESTPP-04-15 — Bus coupler, bus sectionalisation and supply redundancy

📘 Emergency and Essential Power Supply

ESTPP-05-01 — Normal AC power supply system

ESTPP-05-02 — Essential and non-essential electrical loads

ESTPP-05-03 — Emergency AC power supply

ESTPP-05-04 — Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)

ESTPP-05-05 — Station battery and DC power system

ESTPP-05-06 — Battery charger, float charging and boost charging

ESTPP-05-07 — Battery & UPS maintenance

ESTPP-05-08 — Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

ESTPP-05-09 — DC distribution board and essential DC loads

ESTPP-05-10 — Automatic changeover and emergency supply restoration

ESTPP-05-11 — Loss of auxiliary supply and station blackout: basic sequence

📘 Earthing, Isolation and Electrical Safety

ESTPP-06-01 — Purpose and importance of earthing in power plants

ESTPP-06-02 — Earthing: Types and Basic Principles

ESTPP-06-03 — Equipment earthing

ESTPP-06-04 — System earthing and neutral grounding

ESTPP-06-05 — Switchyard and plant earthing grid

ESTPP-06-06 — Electrical isolation and safe isolation procedure

ESTPP-06-07 — Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Procedure for Electrical Equipment

ESTPP-06-08 — Electrical Hazards

ESTPP-06-09 — Arc Flash

ESTPP-06-10 — Permit to Work for electrical equipment

ESTPP-06-11 — Electrical shock prevention and emergency response

📘 Electrical Testing & Diagnostics

ESTPP-07-01 — Cable Testing

T081 — IR testing

T082 — High voltage testing

T083 — Transformer oil testing

T084 — Relay testing

T085 — Earthing resistance measurement

📘 Generator Fundamentals

GEN-01-02 — Mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion

GEN-01-03 — Faraday's law and electromagnetic induction

GEN-01-04 — Working principle of synchronous generator / alternator

GEN-01-05 — Generation of three-phase EMF

GEN-01-06 — Relationship between frequency, speed and number of poles

GEN-01-07 — Why thermal power plant turbo-generators are generally two-pole machines

GEN-01-08 — Generated EMF and factors affecting generator voltage

GEN-01-09 — Synchronous reactance and generator impedance: introduction

GEN-01-10 — Generator equivalent circuit and phasor diagram

GEN-01-11 — Voltage regulation of synchronous generator

📘 Generator Construction

GEN-02-01 — Overall construction of turbo-generator

GEN-02-02 — Stator core and stator frame

GEN-02-03 — Stator winding

GEN-02-04 — Cylindrical rotor construction

GEN-02-05 — Rotor field winding

GEN-02-06 — Generator shaft and coupling with turbine

GEN-02-07 — Generator bearings

GEN-02-08 — Generator terminal arrangement

GEN-02-09 — Generator neutral arrangement

GEN-02-10 — Generator nameplate and important rated parameters

📘 Excitation System and AVR

GEN-03-02 — Purpose of generator excitation

GEN-03-03 — Field current and magnetic field production

GEN-03-04 — Static excitation system

GEN-03-05 — Brushless excitation system

GEN-03-06 — Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

GEN-03-07 — Generator terminal-voltage control

GEN-03-08 — Relationship between excitation and reactive power

GEN-03-09 — Over-excitation and under-excitation

GEN-03-10 — Field forcing and excitation response

GEN-03-11 — Excitation limiters: introduction

GEN-03-12 — Power System Stabilizer (PSS): basic concept

📘 Synchronization and Grid Connection

GEN-04-02 — Need for synchronization

GEN-04-03 — Voltage matching before synchronization

GEN-04-04 — Frequency matching before synchronization

GEN-04-05 — Phase-sequence requirement

GEN-04-06 — Phase-angle matching

GEN-04-07 — Synchronoscope and synchronization indication

GEN-04-08 — Manual synchronization

GEN-04-09 — Automatic synchronizer

GEN-04-10 — Generator breaker closing and grid connection

GEN-04-11 — Consequences of incorrect synchronization

📘 Generator Operation and Reactive Power Control

GEN-05-01 — Generator loading after synchronization

GEN-05-02 — Active power (MW) and reactive power (MVAR)

GEN-05-03 — Generator power factor

GEN-05-04 — Effect of turbine mechanical input on MW output

GEN-05-05 — Effect of excitation on MVAR output

GEN-05-06 — Over-excited generator operation

GEN-05-07 — Under-excited generator operation

GEN-05-08 — Generator capability curve

GEN-05-09 — Stator-current limit

GEN-05-10 — Rotor-field-current limit

GEN-05-11 — Generator stability limit: introduction

GEN-05-12 — Grid-connected generator operation

GEN-05-13 — Load rejection and generator response

📘 Generator Cooling and Auxiliary Systems

GEN-06-01 — Need for generator cooling

GEN-06-02 — Air-cooled generators

GEN-06-03 — Hydrogen cooling system

GEN-06-04 — Properties and advantages of hydrogen as cooling medium

GEN-06-05 — Hydrogen purity and pressure monitoring

GEN-06-06 — Stator water cooling system

GEN-06-07 — Generator seal-oil system

GEN-06-08 — Seal-oil differential pressure and sealing principle

GEN-06-09 — Bearing lubrication and bearing-temperature monitoring

GEN-06-10 — Generator hydrogen leakage and safety precautions

GEN-06-11 — Generator fire and explosion hazards

📘 Generator Protection

GEN-07-01 — Generator protection

GEN-07-02 — Protection zones of generator-transformer unit

GEN-07-03 — Generator differential protection (87G)

GEN-07-04 — Stator earth-fault protection

GEN-07-05 — 100 percent stator earth-fault protection: introduction

GEN-07-06 — Rotor earth-fault protection

GEN-07-07 — Reverse-power protection (32)

GEN-07-08 — Loss-of-excitation protection (40)

GEN-07-09 — Negative-phase-sequence protection (46)

GEN-07-10 — Over-voltage and under-voltage protection (59/27)

GEN-07-11 — Over-frequency and under-frequency protection (81)

GEN-07-12 — Over-fluxing protection (24)

GEN-07-13 — Generator overcurrent and backup protection

GEN-07-14 — Pole slipping / out-of-step protection

GEN-07-15 — Generator bearing and winding temperature protection

GEN-07-16 — Generator-transformer unit protection philosophy

GEN-07-17 — Generator trip, lockout and master-trip logic

📘 Motor Fundamentals

MOTOR-01-01 — Role and application of motors in thermal power plants

MOTOR-01-02 — Classification of electric motors

MOTOR-01-03 — AC and DC motors

MOTOR-01-04 — Three-phase induction motor working principle

MOTOR-01-05 — Rotating magnetic field

MOTOR-01-06 — Synchronous speed

MOTOR-01-07 — Slip and rotor frequency

MOTOR-01-08 — Squirrel-cage and slip-ring induction motors

MOTOR-01-09 — Introduction to synchronous motors

📘 Construction of Induction Motors

MOTOR-02-01 — Stator construction and stator winding

MOTOR-02-02 — Rotor construction

MOTOR-02-03 — Squirrel-cage rotor

MOTOR-02-04 — Slip-ring / wound rotor construction

MOTOR-02-05 — Bearings and lubrication arrangement

MOTOR-02-06 — Motor cooling and ventilation

MOTOR-02-07 — Motor terminal box and cable termination

MOTOR-02-08 — Motor enclosure and degree of protection

MOTOR-02-09 — Reading and interpretation of motor nameplate data

📘 Motor Characteristics and Performance

MOTOR-03-01 — Starting current and inrush current

MOTOR-03-02 — Starting torque and accelerating torque

MOTOR-03-03 — Full-load current and rated operating conditions

MOTOR-03-04 — Torque-slip characteristic

MOTOR-03-05 — Maximum torque and pull-out torque

MOTOR-03-06 — Motor losses and efficiency

MOTOR-03-07 — Motor power factor

MOTOR-03-08 — Motor duty and service factor

MOTOR-03-09 — Load torque characteristics of pumps, fans, compressors and conveyors

MOTOR-03-10 — Selection of HT and LT motors for thermal power plant auxiliaries

📘 Motor Starting and Speed Control

MOTOR-04-01 — Need for motor starters and starting-current limitation

MOTOR-04-02 — Direct-On-Line (DOL) starting

MOTOR-04-03 — Star-delta starting

MOTOR-04-04 — Autotransformer starting

MOTOR-04-05 — Rotor resistance starting of slip-ring motors

MOTOR-04-06 — Soft starter

MOTOR-04-07 — Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)

MOTOR-04-08 — V/f control principle

MOTOR-04-09 — Effect of frequency and voltage on motor speed

MOTOR-04-10 — Energy saving through variable-speed operation of pumps and fans

MOTOR-04-11 — HT motor starting and starting sequence

📘 Motor Protection

MOTOR-05-02 — Overload and thermal protection

MOTOR-05-03 — Short-circuit protection

MOTOR-05-04 — Earth-fault protection

MOTOR-05-05 — Single phasing and phase-unbalance protection

MOTOR-05-06 — Locked-rotor and stall protection

MOTOR-05-07 — Under-voltage protection

MOTOR-05-08 — Negative-sequence protection

MOTOR-05-09 — Motor differential protection for large motors

MOTOR-05-10 — Bearing-temperature and winding-temperature protection

MOTOR-05-11 — Motor start supervision and repeated-start limitation

MOTOR-05-12 — Motor protection relay and trip logic

📘 Motor Maintenance and Troubleshooting

MOTOR-06-01 — Motor Maintenance

MOTOR-06-02 — Visual inspection and routine motor checks

MOTOR-06-03 — Insulation resistance measurement

MOTOR-06-04 — Polarization Index (PI)

MOTOR-06-05 — Winding resistance measurement

MOTOR-06-06 — Bearing inspection and bearing-temperature monitoring

MOTOR-06-07 — Motor vibration monitoring

MOTOR-06-08 — Current and phase-unbalance checks

MOTOR-06-09 — Motor current signature analysis: introduction

MOTOR-06-10 — Troubleshooting motor failure to start

MOTOR-06-11 — Troubleshooting motor overcurrent and overheating

MOTOR-06-12 — Abnormal noise, vibration and bearing overheating

MOTOR-06-13 — Motor drying, insulation deterioration and low IR

📘 Power Plant Fundamentals

PPF-01-01 — Types of Power Plants

PPF-01-02 — Basic working principle of a coal-fired thermal power plant

PPF-01-03 — Layout of thermal power plant

PPF-01-04 — Rankine cycle basics

PPF-01-05 — Heat rate & efficiency

PPF-01-06 — Boiler, Turbine, Generator overview

PPF-01-07 — Energy flow diagram

📘 Indian Power Market

PSM-01-01 — Overview of Indian Power Sector and Electricity Market

PSM-01-02 — Structure of Generation, Transmission and Distribution

PSM-01-03 — Key Participants in the Indian Electricity Market

PSM-01-04 — Long-Term, Medium-Term and Short-Term Power Markets

PSM-01-05 — Power Exchanges in India

PSM-01-06 — Day Ahead Market (DAM)

PSM-01-07 — Real Time Market (RTM)

PSM-01-08 — Electricity Pricing and Market Clearing

PSM-01-09 — Tariff Structure and Charges

PSM-01-10 — Open Access

PSM-01-11 — Renewable Energy Market and REC

PSM-01-12 — Ancillary Services and Grid Support

PSM-01-13 — Transmission Congestion and Market Operation

PSM-01-14 — Challenges in the Indian Power Market

PSM-01-15 — Future Trends: MBED, Storage and Smart Grid

PSM-01-16 — Practical Engineer Perspective on Power Market

📘 Switchyard Fundamentals and Single Line Diagram

SWYD-01-01 — Electrical Substation: Functions, Types and Major Equipment

SWYD-01-02 — Purpose and function of a switchyard

SWYD-01-03 — Transmission voltage levels and grid interconnection

SWYD-01-04 — Incoming and outgoing feeders

SWYD-01-05 — Meaning of bay in a switchyard

SWYD-01-06 — Feeder bay and transformer bay

SWYD-01-07 — Bus coupler and bus sectionaliser

SWYD-01-08 — Typical switchyard single line diagram

SWYD-01-09 — Identification of switchyard equipment from SLD

SWYD-01-10 — Power flow from generator transformer to transmission line

SWYD-01-11 — EHV Overhead Conductors: ACSR, Bundled and HTLS Conductors

SWYD-01-12 — Switchgear Inspection and Routine Maintenance

📘 Busbar and Bus Schemes

SWYD-02-01 — Busbar: Purpose, Arrangement and Basic Operation

SWYD-02-02 — Purpose and function of busbars

SWYD-02-03 — Single-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-04 — Sectionalised single-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-05 — Main and transfer bus scheme

SWYD-02-06 — Double-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-07 — Double-bus double-breaker scheme

SWYD-02-08 — Ring-bus arrangement

SWYD-02-09 — Breaker-and-a-half scheme

SWYD-02-10 — Comparison of bus schemes for reliability and flexibility

📘 Circuit Breakers

SWYD-03-01 — Circuit Breakers: Overview, Types and Basic Operation

SWYD-03-02 — Purpose of a circuit breaker

SWYD-03-03 — Making current and breaking current

SWYD-03-04 — Arc formation and arc interruption

SWYD-03-05 — SF6 circuit breaker

SWYD-03-06 — Vacuum circuit breaker

SWYD-03-07 — Circuit-breaker operating mechanisms

SWYD-03-08 — Trip coil and close coil

SWYD-03-09 — Circuit-breaker trip and close circuits

SWYD-03-10 — Anti-pumping feature

SWYD-03-11 — Pole discrepancy protection

SWYD-03-12 — Breaker failure protection: introduction

SWYD-03-13 — Circuit-breaker timing and operational checks

SWYD-03-14 — Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV): introduction

📘 Isolators and Earthing Switches

SWYD-04-02 — Purpose and function of isolators

SWYD-04-03 — Difference between circuit breaker and isolator

SWYD-04-04 — Types of isolators

SWYD-04-05 — Purpose and operation of earthing switches

SWYD-04-06 — Circuit breaker, isolator and earth-switch operating sequence

SWYD-04-07 — Electrical and mechanical interlocking

SWYD-04-08 — Safety precautions during switchyard isolation

SWYD-04-09 — Typical bay interlocking philosophy

📘 Current and Voltage Transformers

SWYD-05-01 — Purpose of instrument transformers

SWYD-05-02 — Current Transformer (CT): working principle

SWYD-05-03 — CT ratio and secondary current

SWYD-05-04 — Protection CT and metering CT

SWYD-05-05 — CT burden and accuracy class

SWYD-05-06 — CT saturation: basic concept

SWYD-05-07 — CT secondary open-circuit hazard

SWYD-05-08 — Potential / Voltage Transformer (PT / VT)

SWYD-05-09 — Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)

SWYD-05-10 — Use of CT, PT and CVT in protection and metering

SWYD-05-11 — CVT ferroresonance: introduction

📘 Surge Protection and Insulation Coordination

SWYD-06-01 — Sources of over-voltage in power systems

SWYD-06-02 — Lightning over-voltage

SWYD-06-03 — Switching over-voltage

SWYD-06-04 — Surge / lightning arrester

SWYD-06-05 — Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) surge arrester: basic principle

SWYD-06-06 — Insulation coordination: introduction

SWYD-06-07 — Basic Insulation Level (BIL)

SWYD-06-08 — Shield wire and lightning protection of switchyard

SWYD-06-09 — Switchyard earthing grid and touch / step potential: introduction

📘 PLCC and Communication Equipment

SWYD-07-01 — Purpose of Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)

SWYD-07-02 — Principle of carrier communication over transmission lines

SWYD-07-03 — Wave trap / line trap

SWYD-07-04 — Coupling capacitor and CVT in PLCC

SWYD-07-05 — Line Matching Unit (LMU)

SWYD-07-06 — Carrier transmitter and receiver: introduction

SWYD-07-07 — Protection signalling through PLCC

SWYD-07-08 — Carrier-aided transmission-line protection: introduction

📘 Switchyard Protection

SWYD-08-01 — Protection zones and overlapping protection zones

SWYD-08-02 — Primary and backup protection

SWYD-08-03 — Transmission-line distance protection

SWYD-08-04 — Line differential protection

SWYD-08-05 — Busbar differential protection

SWYD-08-06 — Power-transformer differential protection

SWYD-08-07 — Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection

SWYD-08-08 — Breaker failure / Local Breaker Backup protection

SWYD-08-09 — Auto-reclosing of transmission lines

SWYD-08-10 — Main-I and Main-II protection philosophy

SWYD-08-11 — Protection relay trip circuit and circuit-breaker operation

SWYD-08-12 — Trip circuit supervision

SWYD-08-13 — Switchyard fault sequence: detection, tripping and isolation

SWYD-08-14 — Protective Relays: Principles, Types and Applications

📘 Main Plant Operation (Mechanical)

T021 — Boiler types

T0210 — Vacuum system

T0211 — Turbine protection

T0212 — Cooling towers

T0213 — CW pumps

T0214 — Water chemistry

T022 — Combustion

T023 — Draft system

T024 — Fuel handling

T025 — Boiler startup/shutdown

T026 — Safety interlocks

T027 — Turbine working

T028 — Governing system

T029 — Condenser

📘 Electrical System Operation

T031 — Generator

T032 — Excitation

T033 — Synchronization

📘 Ash Handling Plant Operation

T041 — Types of ash

T042 — Ash collection

T043 — Pneumatic conveying

T044 — Ash slurry disposal

T045 — ESP basics

T046 — Environmental compliance

📘 Mechanical Maintenance

T051 — Pumps & compressors

T0510 — Condition monitoring

T052 — Alignment

T053 — Bearing maintenance

T054 — Lubrication

T055 — Tube leak detection

T056 — Overhauling

T057 — Inspection

T058 — Vibration analysis

T059 — Thermography

📘 Control & Instrumentation

T071 — Sensors & transmitters

T072 — Measurement systems

T073 — DCS

T074 — PLC

T075 — Control loops & PID

T076 — Calibration

T077 — Control valve maintenance

📘 Safety & Industrial Practices

T091 — Safety rules

T092 — Fire protection

T093 — Permit to work

T094 — Hazard identification

📚 Power Plant Industrial Training Modules